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MEMS Enable Mass Deployment of Explosives and Chemical Warfare Agent Detectors
Job Elders, Gert-Jan Burger, Vincent Spiering and Barry Alexia


 

The reduced cost of technologies enables individuals to be very destructive by deploying explosives and chemical warfare agents, amongst others. For this reason, there is a societal need for massive deployment of chemical detectors. Massive deployment of devices re- quires a cheaper and better technology platform. MEMS technology enables the low-cost integrated chemical detectors. From a chemical analysis point of view, the challenge is to detect at ppb (parts per billion) level a set of compounds (e.g. for airports this is over 40 different compounds) in an ever- changing background. The combination of very small amounts and a changing background implies the technology requires a fast separation prior to a detector. This separation improves the sensitivity

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Figure 1: Principle cross-section of a channel plate chip with assembly of a fluidic chip component

because of a decreased noise level and relaxes the requirements on selectivity of the detector drastically. These requirements are fulfilled by a combination of a miniaturized gas chromatograph with a miniaturized ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) or mass spectrometer (MS). C2V introduced the technology platform to manufacture this as well as the fully integrated micromachined gas chromatograph. The C2V system contains a micro injector, detector and flow diagnostics all manufactured by a microfluidics technology platform. The system is completed with a separation column, electronics and temperature control. Due to the well-defined sample definition and injection capability, the resulting separation quality exceeds that of today's laboratory equipment, resulting in both better and faster separation while at the same time enabling a real miniature instrument. The basis for the miniaturized fast gas analyzer is enabled by a Fluidic Multi Chip Module (FMCM) inte-

gration technology: chip components are fluid tight assembled on a fluid channel board, such that an electrical flip-chip connection can be made. This reduces both internal and external system volumes. In specific the extreme low dead volumes inside the microGC increase separation quality, or alternatively, decrease measurement time. It is the objective to achieve real time analysis of air or atmospheric composition. For the miniaturized fast gas analyzer, the FMCM integration technology allows a larger variety of systems for lower costs. The FMCM technology allows fluidic and electrical circuit design on a substrate: the channel plate chip. In the chip there are micro- machined fluidic channels, and on the chip the fluidic chip components, see figure 1. The technology platform enables better and faster separation as demonstrated in figure 2, while at the same time providing a low costs assembly platform. These are crucial building blocks for the detection of explosives and chemical warfare agents. Today's C2V system is in essence a miniaturized laboratory on a chip comprised of a micro injector, a micro thermal conductivity detector (TCD), and micromachined column or capillary columns. Due to the minimized internal and dead system volumes, good quality separation and detection can be obtained in less than 10 seconds


Figure 3: Micro gas-chromatographic micromachined columns.

Figure 4: C2V's fast miniaturized gas analyzer cartridge, providing detection in seconds with low ppm sensitivity (ppb sensitivity in development). The sizes are (in inches): 3" x 4.5" x 1.2".

C2V's technology platform enables the integration of a variety of detectors, including, but not limited to, thermal conductivity detectors, mass spectrometers or ion mobility spectrometers. Different detectors will serve different applications. The challenge of detecting ppb level explosives and chemical warfare agents against low costs and virtually zero false alarm rate is amongst the most demanding challenges for chemical analysis. C2V has developed the technology platform as well as crucial building blocks to fulfil the demanding specifications. A miniaturized gas chromatograph combined with miniaturized IMS or MS detectors enables better and faster detection against lower costs.

Contact:
Concept to Volume B.V.,
Enschede,
The Netherlands
E-Mail: info@c2v.nl
www.c2v.nl


Figure 2: Separation with the miniaturized device shown in figure 3. The T is 50 @C, the column is 5 m and the injection time is 10 msec; The detector is a thermal conductivity detector (TCD).

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